Ku ya 18 Nzeri, Banki nkuru y’Amerika yatangaje ko igabanywa ry’inyungu 50-fatizo ry’inyungu, ryatangije ku mugaragaro icyiciro gishya cyo korohereza amafaranga kandi kirangira imyaka ibiri yo gukomera. Iki cyemezo kigaragaza imbaraga za Federasiyo mu gukemura ibibazo bikomeye biterwa n’iterambere ry’ubukungu ry’Amerika ryihuta.
Uhereye ku bukungu bunini ku isi, impinduka zose muri politiki y’ifaranga ry’Amerika byanze bikunze zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku masoko y’imari ku isi, ubucuruzi, urujya n'uruza rw’izindi nzego. Ni gake cyane Federasiyo ishyira mubikorwa ingingo-50-yagabanijwe mugice kimwe, keretse iyo ibonye ingaruka zikomeye.
Kugabanuka kugaragara muri iki gihe kwateje ibiganiro n’impungenge ku bijyanye n’ubukungu bw’isi ku isi, cyane cyane ingaruka z’igabanuka ry’ibiciro kuri politiki y’ifaranga ry’ibindi bihugu ndetse n’ingendo z’imari. Muri uru rwego rugoye, uburyo ubukungu bwisi yose - cyane cyane Ubushinwa - bwitabira ingaruka zasesekaye bwabaye intandaro yibiganiro mpaka bya politiki yubukungu.
Icyemezo cya Federasiyo kigaragaza impinduka nini ku igabanuka ry’ibiciro n’ibindi bihugu by’ubukungu bukomeye (usibye Ubuyapani), bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo guhuza amafaranga ku isi hose. Ku ruhande rumwe, ibi birerekana impungenge zihuriweho n’iterambere ryihuta ry’isi, aho banki nkuru zigabanya igipimo cy’inyungu mu rwego rwo kuzamura ibikorwa by’ubukungu no kuzamura ibicuruzwa n’ishoramari.
Kworohereza isi birashobora gutanga ingaruka nziza nibibi mubukungu bwisi. Igipimo cy’inyungu gito gifasha kugabanya umuvuduko w’ubukungu, kugabanya amafaranga yo kuguza ibigo no gutera ishoramari n’ikoreshwa, cyane cyane mu nzego nk’imitungo itimukanwa n’inganda, zabujijwe n’inyungu nyinshi. Ariko, mugihe kirekire, politiki nkiyi irashobora kuzamura urwego rwimyenda kandi ikongera ibyago byikibazo cyamafaranga. Byongeye kandi, kugabanuka kw'ibiciro ku isi hose bishobora gutuma habaho guta agaciro kw'ifaranga rihiganwa, hamwe no guta agaciro kw'idolari rya Amerika bigatuma ibindi bihugu bikurikiza, bikongerera ihindagurika ry'ivunjisha.
Ku Bushinwa, igabanywa ry’ibiciro bya Federasiyo rishobora kugira igitutu cy’ifaranga, rishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Bushinwa. Izi mbogamizi ziyongereyeho ubukungu bwifashe nabi ku isi, ibyo bikaba byongera ingufu z’ibikorwa ku bicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa. Niyo mpamvu, gukomeza ihungabana ry’ivunjisha mu gihe hubahirizwa guhangana ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizaba umurimo ukomeye ku Bushinwa kuko bugenda bugabanuka kuva muri Federasiyo.
Igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya Federasiyo naryo rishobora kugira ingaruka ku gutembera kw’imari no guteza ihindagurika ku masoko y’imari y’Ubushinwa. Igipimo cyo hasi muri Amerika gishobora gukurura ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga byinjira mu Bushinwa, cyane cyane mu bubiko bwabyo no ku isoko ry’imitungo itimukanwa. Mu gihe gito, iyinjira rishobora kuzamura ibiciro byumutungo no kuzamura isoko. Nyamara, amateka yabanjirije amateka yerekana ko imari shingiro ishobora guhinduka cyane. Niba isoko ryo hanze rihindutse, igishoro gishobora gusohoka vuba, bigatuma ihindagurika rikabije ry isoko. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ubushinwa bugomba gukurikiranira hafi imbaraga z’imari shoramari, kwirinda ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’isoko no gukumira ihungabana ry’amafaranga rituruka ku bikorwa by’imari shingiro.
Muri icyo gihe, igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya Federasiyo rishobora gushyira igitutu ku bubiko bw’ivunjisha ry’Ubushinwa n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ifaranga ridakabije ry’Amerika ryongera ihindagurika ry’umutungo w’amadolari y’Ubushinwa, bikaba imbogamizi mu gucunga ububiko bw’ivunjisha. Byongeye kandi, guta agaciro kw'idolari bishobora guhungabanya Ubushinwa bwo guhangana mu mahanga, cyane cyane mu rwego rwo gukenera isi ku isi. Kwishimira ifaranga ryarushaho kugabanya inyungu ziva mu Bushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ubushinwa buzakenera gushyiraho politiki yoroheje y’ifaranga n’ingamba zo gucunga amadovize kugira ngo umutekano w’isoko ry’ivunjisha uhungabanye mu gihe ubukungu bwifashe nabi ku isi.
Mu guhangana n’igitutu cy’ivunjisha ry’ivunjisha rituruka ku guta agaciro kw’idolari, Ubushinwa bugomba intego yo gukomeza umutekano muri gahunda mpuzamahanga y’ifaranga, hirindwa agaciro k’ifaranga rikabije rishobora guhungabanya ihiganwa ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Byongeye kandi, mu rwego rwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’isoko ry’ubukungu n’imari ryatewe na Federasiyo, Ubushinwa bugomba kurushaho gushimangira imicungire y’ingaruka ku masoko y’imari no kongera imari ihagije kugira ngo hagabanuke ingaruka ziterwa n’imari mpuzamahanga.
Mu guhangana n’ishoramari ry’isi yose ritazwi, Ubushinwa bugomba guhindura imiterere y’umutungo bwongera umubare w’umutungo wo mu rwego rwo hejuru no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’impanuka nyinshi, bityo bikazamura umutekano w’imari y’imari. Icyarimwe, Ubushinwa bugomba gukomeza guteza imbere mpuzamahanga yu yuan, kwagura amasoko atandukanye y’imari n’ubufatanye bw’imari no kuzamura ijwi ryayo no guhangana mu micungire y’imari ku isi.
Ubushinwa bugomba kandi guteza imbere guhanga udushya mu bijyanye n’imari no guhindura imishinga mu rwego rwo kuzamura inyungu no guhangana n’urwego rw’imari. Hagati yisi yose yorohereza ifaranga ryoroheje, inyungu zisanzwe zishingiye ku nyungu zishingiye ku nyungu zizashyirwaho igitutu. Niyo mpamvu, ibigo by’imari by’Ubushinwa bigomba gushakisha byimazeyo amasoko mashya - nko gucunga umutungo na fintech, gutandukanya ubucuruzi no guhanga udushya - gushimangira ihiganwa muri rusange.
Mu rwego rw’ingamba z’igihugu, ibigo by’imari by’Ubushinwa bigomba kugira uruhare rugaragara mu Ihuriro ry’ibikorwa by’ubufatanye n’Ubushinwa na Afurika (2025-27) kandi bikagira uruhare mu bufatanye bw’imari muri gahunda y’umukandara n’umuhanda. Ibi bikubiyemo gushimangira ubushakashatsi ku majyambere mpuzamahanga n’akarere, kunoza ubufatanye n’ibigo by’imari mpuzamahanga n’ibigo by’imari by’ibanze mu bihugu bireba no kurushaho kubona amakuru ku isoko ry’ibanze no gushyigikirwa mu bushishozi kandi buhoro buhoro ibikorwa by’imari mpuzamahanga. Kugira uruhare rugaragara mu micungire y’imari no gushyiraho amategeko bizamura kandi ibigo by’imari by’Ubushinwa ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Igipimo cya Federasiyo iheruka kugabanya cyerekana ko icyiciro gishya cyo korohereza amafaranga ku isi, kigaragaza amahirwe n'imbogamizi ku bukungu bw'isi. Nk’ubukungu bwa kabiri ku isi mu bukungu, Ubushinwa bugomba gufata ingamba zihamye kandi zihuse kugira ngo habeho umutekano n’iterambere rirambye muri ibi bidukikije bigoye ku isi. Mu gushimangira imicungire y’ibyago, kunoza politiki y’ifaranga, guteza imbere udushya mu bijyanye n’imari no kurushaho kunoza ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, Ubushinwa bushobora kubona byinshi mu gihe hari ibibazo bitazwi neza mu bukungu ku isi, bikagira imikorere myiza y’ubukungu na sisitemu y’imari.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-08-2024